Tag Archives: U.S. economy

A Reasonable Request?

By Larry Luxenberg  

Last week a client told me that he believed a recession was imminent and he wanted to take investment actions capitalizing on that view.

At first blush, this seems to be a reasonable request. Many commentators foresee a recession as the result of the Federal Reserve’s aggressive interest rate tightening cycle.

However, this view reflects several beliefs about investing that are simply not true. One of the main suppositions is that the stock market acts in line with what is happening now. In fact, the stock market tends to take a collective view of the economy 6 to 12 months ahead and discount those future events.

In the case of this expected recession, if it’s visible now, stock market action should have discounted it last year.

Even more difficult is the idea that anyone can predict a recession ahead of time. To get an idea of how difficult it is to predict a recession consider this. Officially, recessions are designated by a group of nationally prominent economists at the National Bureau of Economic Research. One of the main indicators of a recession is two consecutive quarters of decline in Gross National Product. However, the economists look at many indicators of economic activity in determining when a recession began and when it ended.

But what’s most telling about this group of distinguished economists is that they determine the dates of a recession several years after the recession has ended and the subsequent recovery is well under way. In essence they struggle to call the recession afterwards and don’t even attempt to predict it ahead of time.

So what my client wants to do is something no economist would hazard and after he accomplishes this feat he then has to backtrack as much as a year to capitalize.

If you ask for the impossible, often you will be disappointed.

Instead, it makes more investment sense to take into account the regular occurrence of recessions and bear markets when you put together your investment portfolio. Being able to ride out these downturns without shifting positions has produced powerful long-term returns.

Over the last century, investors in the largest American companies (measured by the Dow Jones Industrial Average and the S&P 500) have doubled their returns on average every seven years. This doesn’t occur like clockwork but the longer you give it the closer you’ve gotten to these results.

When I began my investment career in 1982, the Dow hovered around 800 as it emerged from a two year double recession. Today, after a terrible period for the stock market, the Dow is almost 33,000.

That’s a great period for investors who shunned predictions and stuck with the market through thick and thin. Trying to save yourself some short-term pain is just as likely to sabotage your long-term performance as it is to help.

If there was a way to avoid the pain, I would be among the first to sign up. Instead, I do the next best thing. Put together a diversified portfolio that’s designed to prosper despite market swings and keep my investments intact as best I can.

No one knows whether this approach will work in the future but it makes more sense than trying to find a better crystal ball.

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Less is More Sometimes

By Larry Luxenberg  

As a result of the pandemic and economic downturn, there are now two kinds of Americans: those who are spending less because they have less money and those who are spending less because they don’t have anywhere to spend their money.

For an economy that is two-thirds driven by consumer spending, that doesn’t bode well for a quick recovery and overall statistics. But despite the crude economic measures we employ, the true purposes of an economy are to satisfy people’s needs and wants. If we possessed better statistics, those measures might paint a different picture.

For the first group, suffering will be epic — high joblessness lasted 6 to 8 years after the Great Recession and food insecurity remained high even longer —  and the bleak statistics will adequately measure their distress.

But for the other 75 to 90 percent of Americans, the picture could be quite different. Economists assume that every dollar spent is for something a consumer wanted and if they can’t have it or have to substitute something else, their satisfaction is diminished. That, of course, is a good shorthand and adequate in normal times.

What we are living through is anything but normal and normal statistics don’t capture our current experience. As half or more of the population lives through an enforced idleness, satisfaction has to come through different means. A leisurely trip to the mall is out. A free zoom call with distant friends and relatives is in. People are reaching out more and spending less on leisure pursuits, apparel, fixing up homes and myriad other things.

Many people remind us that “if you have your health, you have everything.” For the million or more people who have contracted the virus and for the 80,000 or so who have died, their health is compromised or they have succumbed. Stress has soared and with it crabbiness, abuse, substance overuse and mental illness.

For others, who retain their health, many have regained an appreciation for the simple pleasures of life that do not carry dollar signs. For large segments of the population, such as the vulnerable elderly, their first impulse after a murky loosening or even an all clear signal will not be to shop until they drop. Their first, second and third impulse may be caution and to keep the purse strings tightly clamped.

The result could be continued high unemployment, the failure of many already shaky businesses, and continued weakness in measured Gross Domestic Product and other key traditional economic measures.

But what of true happiness? That’s a harder thing to measure. Many people hanker for a simpler time. Now that it has been delivered to their doorstop, they may find that they don’t like that imaginary simpler time. But others may find that spending and happiness are not the same and while traditional measurements of economic activity continue to look dreadful, they are fulfilled and much happier than the economists believe that they should be.

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Out Like a Lion

By Larry Luxenberg  

March is typically an odd month, the transition from the harshness of winter to the promise of spring. This year it’s been the reverse in the worst way in modern memory.

The month began in New York as a normal time with mild weather, the stock market near record levels and unemployment at a half century low.

March ended in a totally unprecedented way with two-thirds of the country confined to their homes, an explosion of illness and death across the U.S., the biggest jump in unemployment on record by a factor of five and $8 trillion of stock market value wiped out.

Congress had just approved a record bailout of everyone, adding $2 trillion of debt to plug massive holes in an economy at a self-imposed standstill. Coronavirus cases had gone from a handful to more than 100,000, making the U.S. suddenly the world leader.

Muddled mixed messages proliferated and fear was rampant. While glimmers of hope popped up here and there like the regular appearance of forsythia, cherry blossoms and daffodils, the gathering storm overshadowed everything as the world braced for the mysterious plaque to strike and dissipate.

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Good News for Investors

By Larry Luxenberg  

Recently, economic columnist Robert Samuelson wrote a column explaining why so many ordinary Americans perceive their situations as terrible despite what is frequently described as a great economy with record low unemployment.

His argument is that these workers are comparing their situations — lack of raises. a struggle to support their families and to get ahead — with that of a recent golden era. Samuelson maintains that the previous golden era was the result of unrepeatable forces.

This may not seem like good news for investors but their fortunes are not closely tied to workers. The long sluggish recovery that has lasted nearly 10 years is better for investors than the boom/bust of earlier, more robust recoveries with stronger growth but more frequent recessions. Often, what’s good for workers is also good for investors but not always and this may be one of those cases.

What economists at Pimco have termed “The New Normal” may leave workers pining for a bygone era but investors may applaud. Investors have been fretting that the Great Bull Market that began in August, 1982 and carried the Dow Jones Industrial Average to 10,000 in the late 1990s before resuming in March, 2009, may be nearing its end.

Instead, despite trade wars and unraveling of international alliances and general disquiet and upheavel, the long-term picture for investors might remain bright.https://wapo.st/2mClCV4?tid=ss_mail&utm_term=.5a152b7d96be

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Monetary Policy at a Crossroads

By Larry Luxenberg  

How Now Goes the Fed?

For nearly a decade, the Federal Reserve was largely on the sidelines. After reducing interest rates to close to zero in the wake of the Great Recession, they were reduced to less powerful weapons. In this period they adopted “quantitative easing,” where the numbers are big but the effect less clear.

Now the Fed is back. They have repeatedly declared that the economy is sound and it’s time to “remove the punch bowl” before the party gets out of hand. While the U.S. economy is not booming, it’s the strongest it’s been in more than a decade and may well be gaining momentum.

Fed policy takes time to bring about the desired effects so it must act ahead of time and anticipate the future. Even so, the Fed relies on data and trailing information about the economy and so usually operates behind the curve. We ask the Fed to do the impossible — accurately foresee the future — and are disappointed, even hostile, when, as most often is the case, they err.

What are the chances that this tightening cycle will be successful and how will we judge that success? At the same time, the Fed plans to sharply trim its record four trillion dollar balance sheet.

As a conservative institution, as a committee, and as a seer, the Fed operates  with challenges and consensus as they try to steer the world’s largest economy on the narrow path of prosperity and avoid a recession.

We are on the verge of the longest expansion in history and the odds of the Fed triggering a recession soon are high. This need not be a disastrous recession and perhaps will be one that markets can shrug off with a short pause.

Nonetheless, the Fed faces difficult challenges as it tries to nurse this economy through a period of sub-par growth while avoiding calamity.

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Hamilton’s Blessing

By Larry Luxenberg  

Interest in the U.S. national debt seems to have diminished. Its importance has not.

Even with extraordinarily low interest rates, interest on the debt takes up one out of ten dollars of federal expenditures. If rates rise to more normal levels, even if the debt stabilizes, interest on the debt could easily double or triple.

Recently we came across a book titled Hamilton’s Blessing about the history of America’s debt going back to the founding fathers. It’s instructive that in earlier years the debt ran up during wars and crises and in between times was paid down.

Except for three years at the end of President Clinton’s term, that hasn’t happened in more than half a century.

While not an imminent danger, no initiative in Washington shows promise for getting this problem under control. The Tea Party made some noise but disappeared during the great budget compromise of 2015, when spending ramped up again.

At the least, the government should be extending the term of the outstanding debt while rates remain extraordinarily low.

The debt need not be a crushing burden but needs to be dealt with in all its dimensions in an intelligent way before it becomes an insoluble problem.

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A Dark and Dangerous World?

By Larry Luxenberg  

For years I’ve felt like a lonely optimist in a dark and dangerous world.

In 2007, the U.S. economy was booming. House prices soared, unemployment was rare and anything seemed possible.

Then came the Great Recession, stock market collapse and the world financial system’s near failure. No one knew what to do.

Since that scary winter of 2009, the U.S. economy has rebounded. Car sales have doubled and housing starts quadrupled. The unemployment rate is half the recession peak.

Anecdotally, the pickup is dramatic. Help wanted signs have sprouted in store windows, trucks clog highways and realtors occasionally smile. The stock market has nearly tripled. For the first time in years, U.S. energy independence is possible.

Yet most Americans believe the country is on the wrong path. Only a month ago, the stock market plunged amid a weakening economy and troubles in China.

While problems never disappear, perspective is in order. U.S. GDP is up $3 trillion from the recession low to $17.4 trillion. The number of people with jobs in the U.S. is up by 10 million from 2009 to 148 million now.

Is everything perfect? No. But gloom and doom are overstated. After a scary drop in late August and September, the stock market rebounded and is flat for the year.

An investor must be an optimist and it’s possible they are at least partly right.

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Budget Deficit Shrinking Fast

By Larry Luxenberg  

During the tumultuous political climate of the last five years, nothing has been more contentious than the U.S. budget deficit and government spending.

While Congress and the Administration have been fighting tooth and nail over this, shutting the government on several occasions and forfeiting the country’s AAA bond rating, something surprising has happened.

Both sides are bracing for a possible government shutdown again this fall and no one seems to notice that the deficit is fast disappearing.

Today, The New York Times reported in a small, single column story on the bottom of page B6 of the business section, that the deficit will shrink by 15 percent this year and by 75 percent since the first year of the Obama Administration.

As the economy healed from the Great Recession, taxes rose and spending has slowed and in some cases declined. A deficit that had reached a mind boggling $1.6 trillion is headed for $425 billion this year, down from $483 billion last fiscal year (the government year ends Sept. 30).

While still humongous in dollar terms, it’s not bad in an $18 trillion economy. After six years of spending austerity, the budget is now rising again, but still slower than revenues.

It’s not that there aren’t fiscal issues — entitlement spending still needs big changes and the government debt needs to be extended — but the fiscal crisis has ended long before the wrangling stops. http://www.nytimes.com/2015/08/13/business/economy/us-budget-deficit-rose-in-july-but-8-year-low-is-expected-for-year.html?smid=tw-share

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U.S. Budget Deficit Shrinks

By Larry Luxenberg  
The Dog That Didn’t Bark This summer the Washington Post had an article titled,” So Whatever Happened to the deficit?” Not quite a year ago, House Republicans threatened to shut the Federal government as part of their effort to lower the deficit. Meanwhile, while no one was looking, the deficit shrunk dramatically on its own. The deficit has shrunk from an unsustainably high $1.6 trillion in 2009 to an estimated $500 billion for the fiscal year that ends in a few weeks. The deficit will keep dropping as long as Congressional gridlock prevents new spending. Most economists consider the current level sustainable. Meanwhile, the economy has continued a five-year expansion. While the economy isn’t back to where it was before the Great Recession, this is a huge improvement from those dark days of late 2008 and early 2009 when the world economy threatened to collapse completely. As a result, the stock and bond markets have staged dramatic, if unheralded rallies. The stock market has nearly tripled from the bottom in March 2009 and the broad bond market is up more than 30 percent, according to Bloomberg. While none of this feels like a boom because it isn’t, the trends are good and investors shouldn’t be overly pessimistic.
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